Here we will look at the history of Italy, which is one of the most important countries in Europe.
Population
Population and Language According to the 2024 census, Italy has a population of 59 million. Of these, 28.9 million are men and 30.1 million are women.
Italy is the fourth most populous country in Europe. 93 percent of the people in Italy speak Italian.
About 50 percent of the people speak a regional dialect as their mother tongue.
Early History
With a rich and diverse history, Italy is said to have been inhabited by humans for at least 850,000 years.
The ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples, Celts, Magna Graecia colonists, and other ancient peoples inhabited the Italian peninsula.
Italy was the birthplace and center of ancient Roman civilization, founded as a kingdom in 753 BC and becoming a republic in 509 BC.
The Roman Republic unified Italy, creating a confederation of Italian peoples. After the assassination of Julius Caesar, the Roman Empire dominated Western Europe and the Mediterranean for centuries.
It contributed to the development of Western culture, philosophy, science, and art. The first societies appeared here in 1200 BC and Greeks settled in the south in 800 BC.
The Roman Empire
was an empire that stretched from Portugal to Syria and from Britain to North Africa. The Roman Empire flourished for over 400 years.
However, in 476 AD, the Western Roman Empire fell in the north. Later, the Pope of Rome established his rule in central Italy, creating the Papal States.
In the 900s, most of Italy was ruled by the Holy Roman Empire, with a large German empire to the north.
Following this, southern Italy came under the rule of the Norman Knights in the 1100s.
Modern Italian state
The modern Italian state began in 1861 with the unification of much of the peninsula under the House of Savoy.
In the mid-19th century, Italian unification led by the House of Savoy led to the establishment of the Italian nation-state.
Economy
The new Kingdom of Italy rapidly modernized and created a colonial empire. It later controlled parts of Africa and countries in the Mediterranean.
During World War II, the Kingdom of Italy gained additional territory from Yugoslavia after its partition in 1941.
Giorgia Meloni was sworn in as Italy's first female Prime Minister in 2022.
Italy has an advanced mixed economy, the 3rd largest in the European region and the 13th largest in the world by purchasing power parity adjusted GDP.
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